Introduction: Approaches to the twelfth century and its 'Renaissance' --
1. Varieties of political order in the Latin West. German Empire, the Papacy, and Northern Italy ; Multicultural kingdoms and the Mediterranean World : Sicily and Iberia ; Competing monarchies in France and England ; Christianization and the kingdoms of Northern and Eastern Europe --
2. People, economy, and social relations. Population ; Peasants, lords, and patterns of settlement ; Towns and cities ; Trade, commerce, and economic growth --
3. Spirituality and its discontents. Patterns of religious experience ; Church and its religious orders ; Heretics and friars in the urban context ; Order, exclusion, and the Fourth Lateran Council --
4. Intellectual syntheses. Intellectual world : contexts, institutions, and personnel ; Varieties of Latin culture ; Uses of vernacular literature ; 5. Crusades and the idea of christendom. Conception and meaning of the Crusades ; Popular piety and the First Crusade ; Crusader states and the crusading movement to 1229 ; Travails of the crusading ideal ; Christendom and the wider world --
